CULTURAL BELIEFS AND DELAYED RECOGNITION OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT AMONG PARENTS OF YOUNG CHILDREN: A QUALITATIVE EXPLORATION

Abstract

 Speech and language development is a critical aspect of early childhood development that influences children's cognitive, social, emotional, and communication abilities. Early recognition of developmental delays is essential for timely intervention; however, parents' recognition of speech and language problems is often influenced by cultural beliefs and social norms. This study aimed to explore cultural beliefs contributing to delayed recognition of speech and language development among parents of young children. A qualitative exploratory study was conducted among parents of children under five years of age in coastal communities in Batam City, Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews using purposive sampling. Additional perspectives were obtained from midwives and community health volunteers involved in child developmental monitoring. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and meanings related to parental beliefs and developmental recognition. Five major themes emerged: (1) speech delay perceived as a normal developmental variation, (2) belief that children will eventually speak without intervention, (3)
influence of family traditions and intergenerational advice, (4) limited awareness of speech and language developmental milestones, and (5) delayed healthcare-seeking behavior. These beliefs often reduced parental concern regarding developmental delays and contributed to delayed utilization of developmental screening and health services. Cultural beliefs play an important role in shaping parents' understanding of speech and language development. Misconceptions regarding normal developmental patterns may hinder early recognition and intervention. Strengthening culturally sensitive parent education and empowerment programs is necessary
to improve awareness of developmental milestones and promote timely access to developmental screening services.